Wilsons sjukdom
Codes
ICD-10: E83.0B
ORPHA: 905
General information
Estimated occurrence
3:100,000 inhabitants.Cause
Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive inheritance disorder caused by a change in the TP7B gene on chromosome 13 (13q14.3). The gene is a template for the production of a copper transport protein. When the protein production is disturbed, copper accumulates in several of the body’s organs, including liver cells, and/or is transported in the blood to the brain or other organs.
General symptoms
Symptoms vary in their nature and degree of severity. The first signs of the disease may occur from infancy into the 60s. Liver symptoms vary between mildly abnormal functions to chronic liver disease or acute liver inflammation and hepatitis. Copper that leaks from the liver can accumulate in the brain and produce neurological symptoms, such as body rigidity, shaking, difficulty in coordinating movements, involuntary movements and convulsions. Psychological symptoms range from personality disorders, problems of concentration and memory to anxiety, depression and psychosis. Treatment includes a low-copper diet, the use of copper-free cooking utensils and life-long medication. Current medications may have side effects such as nausea, vomiting and reduced or eliminated sense of taste. A liver transplant may be necessary in cases of acute liver failure or severe liver cirrhosis. Medication can prevent symptoms if the disease is detected before their onset.
Synonyms
Hepatolenticular degeneration.
Orofacial/odontological symptoms
Neurological effects often result in impaired facial expression, speech impairments and impaired chewing and swallowing.
Advice on follow-up and treatment
- Early contact with dental services for intensified prophylactic care and oral hygiene information is essential.
- When treating medically compromised patients always contact their doctor for medical advice.
- Feeding and swallowing difficulties are investigated and treated by a specialist team at the hospital or multidisciplinary treatment centre.
- Speech and language difficulties should be treated by a speech therapist.
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