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Marfan syndrome
Codes
ICD-10: Q87.4
ORPHA: 558
General information
Estimated occurrence
10-20:100,000 inhabitants.
Cause
Genetic mutation on chromosome 15 (15q21.1). It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Spontaneous mutations are also known to occur.
General symptoms
Individuals with Marfan syndrome are often extremely tall. They may have problems associated with various body parts. Most common are muscular and skeletal problems, joint laxity, dilatation (widening) of aorta, mitral valve problems, vision impairment and some times pulmonary disorders.
Orofacial/odontological symptoms
Common symptoms include a high, sometimes narrow palate, and lack of space for teeth in the jaws. Snoring and an increased risk of sleep apnea may occur. The temperomandibular joint is often affected, and there may be instability of the joint-capsules. Tooth grinding implies extra pressure on the jaw, which may increase the joint problems. For the same reason, the patient may have difficulty opening his or her mouth wide and for a long time, as may be necessary, for example, at dental appointments.
Advice on follow-up and treatment
Extra prophylactic dental care may be relevant in order to prevent the need for dental treatment that would be very demanding for these patients because of their jaw problems. In some patients there is a risk of endocarditis if oral bacteria gain access to the blood stream. Improved oral and especially gingival health reduces this risk.
Regular check-ups of dental and jaw development. Orthodontist should be consulted when needed.
In cases of temporomandibular joints disorders, this should be investigated and appropriate treatment thereafter prescribed.
Problems associated with snoring and sleep apnea should be followed up by a physician.
When treating medically compromised patients always contact their doctors for medical advice.